![]() Such a process is termed an electro-optical effect, and it forms the basis for LCDs. An electric field (induced by a small electric voltage) can change the orientation of molecules in a layer of liquid crystal and thus affect its optical properties. The optical properties of liquid crystals depend on the direction light travels through a layer of the material. (For further details on the physics of liquid crystalline matter, see the article liquid crystal.) Smectic liquid crystals, on the other hand, arrange themselves in layered sheets within different smectic phases, as shown in the figure, the molecules may take on different alignments relative to the plane of the sheets. The molecules of nematic liquid crystals align themselves with their axes in parallel, as shown in the figure. LCDs utilize either nematic or smectic liquid crystals. In common with solid crystals, liquid crystals can exhibit polymorphism i.e., they can take on different structural patterns, each with unique properties. As in solid crystals, however, they arrange themselves in recognizably ordered patterns. As in liquids, the molecules of a liquid crystal can flow past one another. Liquid crystals are materials with a structure that is intermediate between that of liquids and crystalline solids. Electro-optical effects in liquid crystals LCDs are commonly used for portable electronic games, as viewfinders for digital cameras and camcorders, in video projection systems, for electronic billboards, as monitors for computers, and in flat-panel televisions. Liquid crystal display (LCD), electronic display device that operates by applying a varying electric voltage to a layer of liquid crystal, thereby inducing changes in its optical properties. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.From tech to household and wellness products. Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.
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